La Loi n° 2020-28 du 7 juillet 2020, modifiant le Code pénal, a introduit depuis cinq ans le placement sous surveillance électronique comme mode d’aménagement des peines.
Cette mesure, pensée pour rendre la justice plus humaine et limiter les abus de détention préventive, aurait depuis longtemps dû s’appliquer à des citoyens tels que Badara Gadiaga, Abdou Nguer, Soya Diagne et bien d’autres, injustement privés de liberté sans avoir été jugés.
En appliquant enfin ce mécanisme, le juge a rappelé que la détention n’est pas la règle mais l’exception.
La mauvaise nouvelle, c’est que l’infraction d’« offense à une personne ayant les prérogatives du Chef de l’État » continue d’être utilisée, alors qu’elle est juridiquement impossible. Nous l’avions dénoncé et nous continuons à le dénoncer.
La Constitution, en son article 50, stipule que « le Président de la République peut déléguer, par décret, certains pouvoirs au Premier ministre ou aux autres membres du gouvernement ».
Le Code pénal, en son article 254 alinéa 2, prévoit que « les peines applicables à l’offense au Chef de l’État le sont aussi à la personne exerçant tout ou partie de ses prérogatives ».
La lecture combinée de ces textes ne laisse aucun doute.
Sans décret de délégation, nul ne peut exercer ces prérogatives et donc aucune offense ne peut leur être rattachée.
Le droit administratif est clair sur le fait que toute délégation doit être expresse, jamais tacite. En l’absence de décret, il n’existe ni prérogative transférée, ni infraction possible.
Le principe fondamental du droit pénal nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege s’y oppose avec une évidence absolue. C’est pourquoi les juges ont logiquement relaxé Assane Diouf, Bah Diakhaté ou Moustapha Diakhaté, face à un ministère public persistant.
Poursuivre sur la base d’une infraction inexistante, c’est fabriquer le crime par la volonté politique et non par la loi.
L’abus de droit n’est rien d’autre que l’arbitraire, et l’arbitraire demeure le pire adversaire de la justice.
La décision rendue dans l’affaire Ahmed Ndoye rappelle que lorsque le juge applique la loi dans son esprit, la justice retrouve sa noblesse. Mais elle nous rappelle aussi que tant qu’on continuera a inventer des infractions pour museler les opinions, la République restera en sursis face à l’arbitraire.
Thierno Bocoum
Président AGIR- Les leaders
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