Depuis le vote de la loi n° 2014-04 du 22 janvier 2014 portant baisse des loyers, qui a mis un accélérateur sur la spéculation, le chef de l’Etat se prononce en moyenne tous les deux ans sur la question, en Conseil des ministres, sans donner suite à la nécessité de travailler à mieux encadrer le secteur de l’immobilier au Sénégal.
Dans le communiqué du Conseil des ministres du 28 septembre 2016, « le Chef de l’Etat demande au Gouvernement de lui faire le point, avant la fin du mois d’octobre 2016, de l’état de la mise en œuvre de la loi n° 2014 – 04 du 22 janvier 2014 portant baisse des loyers, une mesure économique et sociale qui vise à accroître le pouvoir d’achat des consommateurs et réduire la spéculation sur le marché de l’immobilier ».
Communiqué du Conseil des ministres du 30 octobre 2019 : le chef de l’Etat « a demandé au Ministre du Commerce, en rapport avec les ministres chargés des Finances et de l’Habitat, d’intensifier les actions de régulation des loyers par la mise en place d’un dispositif consensuel et opérationnel réglementant les activités immobilières sur l’ensemble du territoire national ».
Communiqué du Conseil des ministres du 28 Octobre 2021 : « Le Chef de l’Etat a insisté sur la nécessité d’une régulation urgente des prix du loyer et a demandé, aux Ministres en charge du Commerce et des Finances, avec le concours des services du Ministre en charge du Logement, de lui proposer dans les meilleurs délais, des mesures d’urgence pour encadrer davantage et réguler les prix du loyer sur l’ensemble du territoire national, notamment au niveau des centres urbains. »
Le 15 janvier 2014, dans une tribune intitulée « Baisse des loyers au Sénégal : éclairage sur le projet de loi de l’Etat », alors que nous étions parlementaire, nous avions attiré l’attention de l’Etat sénégalais sur les risques qu’encouraient les Sénégalais avec cette loi « populiste ». Nous avions été vertement attaqué, y compris par des organisations consuméristes qui pensaient (à leur décharge) être en face d’une loi qui réglaient un problème crucial pour les ménages.
Aujourd’hui, le gouvernement sénégalais est rattrapé par la réalité.
A travers une mesure populiste, l’Etat sénégalais a finalement porté un préjudice énorme aux ménages les plus pauvres. Nous avons perdu plusieurs années à essayer de résorber une question essentielle pour les ménages tout en encourageant une spéculation monstrueuse.
Nous réitérons nos propositions de 2014 après avoir relevé les failles de la loi :
« La responsabilité d’un Etat qui veut assister ses administrés qui vivent dans la situation décrite est d’agir sur le marché en diminuant la pression de la demande et en augmentant l’offre. Dakar représente 0,28 % du territoire national, concentre 25% de la population et 80% de l’activité économique. La situation de la capitale ne peut être sans conséquence sur le marché de l’offre et de la demande dans le secteur du loyer.
« L’Etat a la responsabilité de désengorger la capitale sénégalaise qui étouffe du fait de la concentration des activités économiques et administratives. Il doit favoriser la création de pôles de développement économique à travers le pays qui puissent permettre de fixer les populations et de freiner l’exode rural.
« L’Etat a la responsabilité de faire l’audit du foncier, de confier à ses structures comme la SN HLM et la SICAP la mission d’engager un vaste programme de construction de vrais logements sociaux et de veiller à ce que ces structures n’arriment pas leurs prix de vente sur les prix du marché, fruits de la spéculation.
« L’Etat ne peut, non plus, se soustraire de sa responsabilité de multiplier les sources de revenus dans les familles en créant des emplois et ainsi permettre à ces familles de supporter le coût de la vie qui ne se résume pas à la cherté du loyer. »
Thierno Bocoum
28 Octobre 2021
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