Les féministes sont dans leur rôle en réclamant l’application du protocole de Maputo. Ce protocole qui a été ratifié en 2005 dispose clairement en son article 14 que :
« 1. Les Etats assurent le respect et la promotion des droits de la femme à la santé, y compris la santé sexuelle et reproductive. Ces droits comprennent :(…)c) protéger les droits reproductifs des femmes particulièrement en autorisant l’avortement médicalisé en cas d’agression sexuelle, de viol, d’inceste et lorsque la grossesse met en danger la santé mentale et physique de la mère ou la vie de la mère ou du fœtus. »
Elles sont en droit de réclamer qu’une loi intégrée dans notre ordonnancement juridique soit appliquée. Les religieux sont également dans leur rôle. Ils ont droit au chapitre dans un pays fortement religieux.Mais revenons sur ce fameux protocole qui rend légitime les arguments des uns et provoque le courroux chez les autres.
Le protocole de Maputo pose problème sur les questions qui suscitent un débat notamment celle liée à « l’avortement médicalisé en cas d’agression sexuelle, de viol, d’inceste » Le temps de la médecine ne sera pas celle de la justice L’inceste ou le viol ne se décrètent pas. Ce sont des actes punis par nos lois et qui impliquent le suivi d’une procédure devant aboutir à un procès juste et équitable.
Le viol ou l’inceste n’est établi que lorsque l’autorité de la chose jugée s’applique sur des condamnations. L’avortement médicalisé implique un arrêt de la grossesse dans un délai raisonnable. Or ce délai est très limité pour permettre à la justice de clôturer ses procédures et établir l’existence des crimes ou délits, après avoir instruit à charge et à décharge sur des cas d’accusation.
La violation de la présomption d’innocence A défaut d’un verdict de la justice, seule une simple accusation pourra permettre l’application de la loi. Ce scénario est une violation flagrante du principe sacro-saint de la présomption d’innocence qui implique que la personne soit innocente tant et aussi longtemps que sa culpabilité n’a pas été démontrée, hors de tout doute, lors d’un procès.Finalement le protocole de Maputo risque de permettre une autorisation d’avortement à toute femme le souhaitant car le motif ne sera pas juridiquement prouvé.
Combien de fois des pères de famille accusés d’inceste ont été victimes d’un règlement de compte familial. Combien de personnes accusées de viol ont été innocentées par le tribunal. L’application du protocole de Maputo risque d’encourager de telles accusations avec comme prime l’autorisation légale d’avorter.L’implication de professionnels (Medecins et autres ) pour attester de situations d’inceste ou de viol ne doit se faire que dans le cadre d’un procès pour éviter les actes de complaisance.
Seule la justice doit pouvoir valider les accusations émises contre des citoyens, élevée au rang de crimes ou délits. Le cas échéant, elle devra sévir fortement contre ces pratiques criminelles.Le protocole de Maputo pose évidement des problèmes d’applicabilité aussi bien dans le fond que dans le contexte d’une société réfractaire à certaines pratiques.Une loi doit être, par essence, l’émanation d’une volonté populaire.
Thierno Bocoum
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