26 JANVIER 2021
Comme par enchantement, un décret en date du 22 janvier sur la mise en place d’un état d’exception est sorti ce 26 janvier et signé par le Président de la République.
Ce qui veut dire que nous sommes dans un état d’exception depuis 5 jours sans que les personnes sur qui s’appliquent des mesures exceptionnelles ne soient au courant.
Hallucinant !
Il s’y ajoute que le maintien du couvre-feu sur la base de la nouvelle loi a été officiellement annoncé comme étant une décision du Président de République bien avant ce 22 janvier 2021.
Ce fut le cas d’abord le 19 janvier à travers un communiqué du ministre, porte parole de la présidence de la République. Ensuite le 20 janvier dernier à travers un communiqué du conseil des ministres.
Le couvre-feu a été donc maintenu dans les régions de Thiès et de Dakar, en s’adossant sur la nouvelle loi sans que nous ne soyons officiellement dans un état d’exception.
Pis, si nous nous penchons sur le décret numéro 2021-66 proclamant l’état de catastrophe sanitaire dans les régions de Thies et de Dakar, nous constatons d’énormes failles et un acte qui creuse l’illégalité plus qu’il ne rétablit la légalité.
1- L’article premier du décret dispose qu’ « est proclamé pour une durée d’un mois, à compter du 22 janvier 2021, l’état de catastrophe sanitaire dans les régions de Dakar et de Thies »
Le terme « état de catastrophe » n’existe pas dans la loi 2021-18 modifiant la loi 69-29 du 29 Avril 1969 relative à l’état d’urgence et à l’état de siège. Cette loi parle de « gestion de catastrophe sanitaire » et non d’ « état de catastrophe sanitaire »
2- Si l’état d’urgence est obligatoirement proclamé à travers un décret comme c’est bien précisé à l’article 2 al 2 de la loi susvisée, la gestion des catastrophes sanitaires est faite à travers des mesures (art 24 nouveau). La loi ne prévoit pas qu’elle soit proclamée par décret.
L’article 24 nouveau est clair : « En cas de survenance de catastrophe naturelle ou sanitaire, il est donné, à l’autorité administrative compétente, sans que soit proclamé l’état d’urgence ou l’état de siège, pouvoir de prendre des mesures visant à assurer le fonctionnement normal des services publics et la protection des populations »
Par conséquent ce sont les mesures qui visent la loi qui sont attendues en cas de catastrophe sanitaire et non un décret portant proclamation d’un « état d’urgence sanitaire » qui n’existe pas dans la loi.
3- Ce sont les mesures prises dans le cadre de la gestion d’une catastrophe sanitaire qui ont une durée d’un mois renouvelable une fois et non l’état de catastrophe sanitaire qui n’existe pas.
L’article 24 al 2 nouveau est clair : « ces mesures peuvent notamment consister en l’instauration d’un couvre-feu et la limitation des déplacements sur tout ou partie du territoire national pour une durée d’un mois renouvelable une fois »
Donc le fait de proclamer l’état de catastrophe sanitaire pour un mois renouvelable une fois n’est conforme à aucune disposition de la loi.
4- l’article 2 du décret précise que les pouvoirs énoncés dans la nouvelle loi sur le volet de la gestion des catastrophes sanitaires « peuvent être exercés par les ministres dont l’intervention est nécessaire, les gouverneurs et les préfets compétents dans les régions de Dakar et de Thies. »
Même si la loi permet effectivement à ces autorités administratives d’intervenir à travers le pouvoir de délégation du Président de la République (art 25 nouveau al 2), il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il faut nécessairement des actes matérialisant leur décision.
Aujourd’hui le couvre-feu est, par exemple, appliqué sans qu’aucun acte administratif ne soit pris en conformité aux dispositions de la nouvelle loi.
Et nous affirmions, dans une contribution du 20 janvier dernier que : « Le Président de la République ne peut évidement pas s’adosser sur les arrêtés déjà pris par les gouverneurs de Dakar et de thies; et leur doter d’une légalité à travers la promulgation de la loi susvisée.
Ces arrêtés ont été pris avant la promulgation de la loi et ne comportent (évidement) aucun visa faisant référence à la nouvelle loi. D’ailleurs le principe de la non rétroactivité de la loi ne peut permettre une telle gymnastique. »
Il est évident que l’Etat sénégalais a fait appliquer, en toute illégalité, ces arrêtés des gouverneurs jusqu’à ce 26 janvier qui marque la fin de l’interdiction de circuler de 21h à 5h qui avait été décidée à cet effet.
Pour continuer le couvre-feu et les mesures d’interdictions liées à la gestion des catastrophes sanitaires, à la place d’un arrêté visant la nouvelle loi, le ministre de l’intérieur a préféré sortir un communiqué ce mardi 26 janvier qui n’a évidement aucune valeur juridique.
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